Maybe workshop the name a bit…
July 16, 2024 7:26 PM Subscribe
In the Washington Post, Joseph G. Allen argues that we should use wet bulb temperature to indicate how hot it is outside.
Meanwhile, the National Weather Service is experimenting with Heat Risk (experimental). They note that this measurement, “uses high-resolution weather, climate, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) heat-health data to place the upcoming temperature forecast into climatological context and identifies potentially dangerous heat that will lead to increased heat-related impacts.”
OSHA’s new guidelines, however, rely on a possibly outdated measurement in terms of measuring heat’s impact on people, the heat index.
Meanwhile, author of The Heat Will Kill You First, Jeff Goodall lays down some facts about who’s responsible for this: “ I mean, the problem is not too many people on the planet. The problem is - as far as climate change goes - the problem is too many rich people with highly consumptive habits. You know, the vast majority of the carbon pollution comes from the top 10% of the wealthiest population and, you know, the idea that, you know, poor people in Bangladesh or wherever you want to name are the problem - their, you know, carbon consumption and their carbon footprint is minuscule compared to, you know, a wealthy, you know, tech investor here in Austin who flies around for vacations and has a giant house that, you know, requires a, you know, battalion of air conditioners. And, you know, it's just - it's not a problem of sheer number of people. It's a problem of what those people do and how they live.”
Meanwhile, the National Weather Service is experimenting with Heat Risk (experimental). They note that this measurement, “uses high-resolution weather, climate, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) heat-health data to place the upcoming temperature forecast into climatological context and identifies potentially dangerous heat that will lead to increased heat-related impacts.”
OSHA’s new guidelines, however, rely on a possibly outdated measurement in terms of measuring heat’s impact on people, the heat index.
Meanwhile, author of The Heat Will Kill You First, Jeff Goodall lays down some facts about who’s responsible for this: “ I mean, the problem is not too many people on the planet. The problem is - as far as climate change goes - the problem is too many rich people with highly consumptive habits. You know, the vast majority of the carbon pollution comes from the top 10% of the wealthiest population and, you know, the idea that, you know, poor people in Bangladesh or wherever you want to name are the problem - their, you know, carbon consumption and their carbon footprint is minuscule compared to, you know, a wealthy, you know, tech investor here in Austin who flies around for vacations and has a giant house that, you know, requires a, you know, battalion of air conditioners. And, you know, it's just - it's not a problem of sheer number of people. It's a problem of what those people do and how they live.”
“RELATIVE HUMIDITY VS DEW POINTS EXPLAINED”—WEATHER IS HAPPENING, 11 July 2023
posted by ob1quixote at 7:37 PM on July 16 [4 favorites]
posted by ob1quixote at 7:37 PM on July 16 [4 favorites]
“RELATIVE HUMIDITY VS DEW POINTS EXPLAINED” yt —WEATHER IS HAPPENING, 11 July 2023
...Do you have a link to a video that explains this information in....a more factual and less performative way?
posted by EmpressCallipygos at 8:21 PM on July 16 [1 favorite]
...Do you have a link to a video that explains this information in....a more factual and less performative way?
posted by EmpressCallipygos at 8:21 PM on July 16 [1 favorite]
"Take Fresno, Calif., which is forecast for Tuesday to reach 102 degrees. But humidity is low, so the corresponding wet-bulb temperature is 80."
Not that I would know. I haven't left the house since Friday.
But yeah, in the past I've found as long as you stay hydrated and keep moving (like on a bike), triple-digit temps aren't that bad here. Getting sweaty really isn't a thing given the low humidity.
Been driving BEVs since 2015 and got home solar in 2022 so my "carbon footprint" is now a bit lower than it was in the past. Checking my PG&E bill I see this past month I self-consumed ~600kWh, exported 900kWh to my neighbors, and imported 600kWh. The nice thing with that is not getting hit with a $500 power bill with that 1200kWh of demand, PG&E's rates are no joke here.
(California kinda screwed up with solar incentives I guess, making solar too much a no-brainer by jacking up rates so much while offering a generous net metering rate that essentially runs the meter backwards whenever I produce more than I consume . . . they've fixed that by closing the net metering program to new entrants last year and adding a $24/mo service fee to get some money from solar customers like me)
posted by torokunai at 8:53 PM on July 16 [5 favorites]
Not that I would know. I haven't left the house since Friday.
But yeah, in the past I've found as long as you stay hydrated and keep moving (like on a bike), triple-digit temps aren't that bad here. Getting sweaty really isn't a thing given the low humidity.
Been driving BEVs since 2015 and got home solar in 2022 so my "carbon footprint" is now a bit lower than it was in the past. Checking my PG&E bill I see this past month I self-consumed ~600kWh, exported 900kWh to my neighbors, and imported 600kWh. The nice thing with that is not getting hit with a $500 power bill with that 1200kWh of demand, PG&E's rates are no joke here.
(California kinda screwed up with solar incentives I guess, making solar too much a no-brainer by jacking up rates so much while offering a generous net metering rate that essentially runs the meter backwards whenever I produce more than I consume . . . they've fixed that by closing the net metering program to new entrants last year and adding a $24/mo service fee to get some money from solar customers like me)
posted by torokunai at 8:53 PM on July 16 [5 favorites]
EmpressCallipygos: “Do you have a link to a video that explains this information in....a more factual and less performative way?”This is not really less performative, but is less, uh… well it doesn't have the Weather Is Happening guy. Who I find hilarious, but I guess is an acquired taste.
“Weather 101: Humidity VS Dewpoint,”—We Love Weather TV, 19 March 2020
posted by ob1quixote at 8:57 PM on July 16 [2 favorites]
Wikipedia: Wet-bulb temperature.
Good article that doesn’t shy away from technicalities, and has a couple of interesting tables about record setting events as well as a survey of human physiology, but which also has some pretty dense thickets along the way.
posted by jamjam at 9:37 PM on July 16 [5 favorites]
Good article that doesn’t shy away from technicalities, and has a couple of interesting tables about record setting events as well as a survey of human physiology, but which also has some pretty dense thickets along the way.
posted by jamjam at 9:37 PM on July 16 [5 favorites]
I always thought the dew point was the point in which dew happened. Shows what I know'nt.
posted by guiseroom at 10:15 PM on July 16 [7 favorites]
posted by guiseroom at 10:15 PM on July 16 [7 favorites]
People need to be engaged with the weather in a more granular, more comprehensive way. A number representing the maximum temperature at some point during the day and a rain icon that maps to logic something like IF ($time_raining >=60s) THEN true, is not a useful way to think of the day.
Knowing what to pack for the day (water, umbrella, rain jacket, extra layers, spare shoes, hat, sunblock, insect repellent) based on when you're moving around (dawn, morning commute, morning, midday, afternoon, evening commute, sunset, night), and where to be if you have a choice (home, coast, beach, friend's swimming pool, pub with a roaring fire, movie theatre for the aircon) makes life so much better.
posted by krisjohn at 10:22 PM on July 16 [2 favorites]
Knowing what to pack for the day (water, umbrella, rain jacket, extra layers, spare shoes, hat, sunblock, insect repellent) based on when you're moving around (dawn, morning commute, morning, midday, afternoon, evening commute, sunset, night), and where to be if you have a choice (home, coast, beach, friend's swimming pool, pub with a roaring fire, movie theatre for the aircon) makes life so much better.
posted by krisjohn at 10:22 PM on July 16 [2 favorites]
A weather thread! Such small talk!
We handle "that's 20°c less with wind chill" pretty well in the UK when it's windy, and my UK Met Office app uses that as a 'feels like' temperature next to the apparent air temperature. This really helps plan the clothes layers for the day, whether to bring souwester, galoshes, snorkel, snow shoes, pool sliders/thong and put on bug repellant and carry extra factor 50 sun cream (extra because applying some every day when you moisturise is a baseline).
Maybe there's a better label to be had than 'feels like', say 'liveable temperature' or 'sweat-cooled temperature' and another label again for when the surrounding temperature and humidity means your air conditioning is more or less efficient.
posted by k3ninho at 12:34 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
We handle "that's 20°c less with wind chill" pretty well in the UK when it's windy, and my UK Met Office app uses that as a 'feels like' temperature next to the apparent air temperature. This really helps plan the clothes layers for the day, whether to bring souwester, galoshes, snorkel, snow shoes, pool sliders/thong and put on bug repellant and carry extra factor 50 sun cream (extra because applying some every day when you moisturise is a baseline).
Maybe there's a better label to be had than 'feels like', say 'liveable temperature' or 'sweat-cooled temperature' and another label again for when the surrounding temperature and humidity means your air conditioning is more or less efficient.
posted by k3ninho at 12:34 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
I first noticed the term "wet bulb temperature" in Kim Stanley Robinson's The Ministry of the Future
there's some very vivid dying in that book.
posted by chavenet at 1:33 AM on July 17 [9 favorites]
there's some very vivid dying in that book.
posted by chavenet at 1:33 AM on July 17 [9 favorites]
Professor Allen's subhed refers to wet-bulb globe temperature. The article text repeatedly, incorrectly calls it wet-bulb temperature. WBT is the theoretical lowest temperature that could be reached by evaporating water into the air. WBGT is a mix of WBT, the dry-bulb ambient temperature, and the temperature of a black globe in direct sun. Of course the WBT in Fresno yesterday was nowhere near 80°F. The high of 100°F coinciding with a dewpoint of 57°F computes to a WBT of 72°F. This is not hazardous, in the shade.
A WBGT of 87°F would amount to yellow-flag conditions where unacclimated personnel should avoid strenuous activity. A WBT of 87°F would approach the critical environmental limit for human thermoregulation.
There is a case that occupational protections for workers out in the sun should be based on WBGT while protections for workers in other hot, humid workplaces should be based on heat index or WBT. The above-the-fold link misrepresents the threshold where protections should kick in by confounding the terminology.
posted by backwoods at 2:29 AM on July 17 [18 favorites]
A WBGT of 87°F would amount to yellow-flag conditions where unacclimated personnel should avoid strenuous activity. A WBT of 87°F would approach the critical environmental limit for human thermoregulation.
There is a case that occupational protections for workers out in the sun should be based on WBGT while protections for workers in other hot, humid workplaces should be based on heat index or WBT. The above-the-fold link misrepresents the threshold where protections should kick in by confounding the terminology.
posted by backwoods at 2:29 AM on July 17 [18 favorites]
Thanks, backwood! I definitely did not understand the difference.
posted by CMcG at 2:45 AM on July 17
posted by CMcG at 2:45 AM on July 17
This is not really less performative, but is less, uh… well it doesn't have the Weather Is Happening guy. Who I find hilarious, but I guess is an acquired taste.
Boy is he ever. That other link is MUCH better, thank you.
I always thought the dew point was the point in which dew happened.
Same here!
posted by EmpressCallipygos at 3:41 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
Boy is he ever. That other link is MUCH better, thank you.
I always thought the dew point was the point in which dew happened.
Same here!
posted by EmpressCallipygos at 3:41 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
author of The Heat Will Kill You First, Jeff Goodall
By the way, that's a really good book--as was his prior one, The Water Will Come. Highly recommended if you want something that's briskly readable, not too technical, a little depressing but not, like, devastatingly so.
posted by mittens at 4:57 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
By the way, that's a really good book--as was his prior one, The Water Will Come. Highly recommended if you want something that's briskly readable, not too technical, a little depressing but not, like, devastatingly so.
posted by mittens at 4:57 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
My school in Tokyo has been using wet-bulb for at least the last four or five years when sending out morning emails during summer vacation for the various sports clubs between July and August, stating what the expected temperatures are going to be, and setting guidelines for the day. When it reaches a certain point, they've called off outdoor activities, and had students training indoors in air conditioned spaces instead.
Edited-to-add
Given the rising number of heat exhaustion cases (it's been much, much hotter than normal so far this year), I'm honestly kind of surprised it's not more commonly used in Japan, seeing as the humidity here is downright oppressive in summer.
posted by Ghidorah at 5:19 AM on July 17 [5 favorites]
Edited-to-add
Given the rising number of heat exhaustion cases (it's been much, much hotter than normal so far this year), I'm honestly kind of surprised it's not more commonly used in Japan, seeing as the humidity here is downright oppressive in summer.
posted by Ghidorah at 5:19 AM on July 17 [5 favorites]
Ghidorah, that's really interesting! Do you feel like you & others have developed a "sense" for what the wet bulb temperature feels like?
I'd wondered whether Allen was downplaying the psychological aspect of hearing a wet-bulb temperature that is (necessarily!) lower than the dry bulb temp. He addressed this briefly by saying that this is just a matter of education, but I was a little skeptical because I think people have very strong (if erroneous) notions of what temperatures in degrees F (or C) "mean". It seemed to me that reporting it on some other scale would avoid the problem of people thinking "oh, 88F? that's not so bad." But if people in Japan have learned to reinterpret it, maybe it's not as challenging as I thought.
posted by Westringia F. at 6:05 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
I'd wondered whether Allen was downplaying the psychological aspect of hearing a wet-bulb temperature that is (necessarily!) lower than the dry bulb temp. He addressed this briefly by saying that this is just a matter of education, but I was a little skeptical because I think people have very strong (if erroneous) notions of what temperatures in degrees F (or C) "mean". It seemed to me that reporting it on some other scale would avoid the problem of people thinking "oh, 88F? that's not so bad." But if people in Japan have learned to reinterpret it, maybe it's not as challenging as I thought.
posted by Westringia F. at 6:05 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
I agree. Making the heat index a higher number makes more sense to people. Heat Index seems to work fine, it s the labor laws are the problem.
See the debate on "100 year" storms.
I used to work for hours up to my neck in 90F water. We d have to use Florida water in ice water to sweat.. what would that do to our wet bulb temperature?
I know intutively that it would make my personal heat index hotter.
Fahrenheit also seems calibrated to the heat index, as heat indexes above 100 are bad, and below 0, also bad for humans. I don't think we should underestimate the effect of pretty numbers on public communication
posted by eustatic at 6:28 AM on July 17
See the debate on "100 year" storms.
I used to work for hours up to my neck in 90F water. We d have to use Florida water in ice water to sweat.. what would that do to our wet bulb temperature?
I know intutively that it would make my personal heat index hotter.
Fahrenheit also seems calibrated to the heat index, as heat indexes above 100 are bad, and below 0, also bad for humans. I don't think we should underestimate the effect of pretty numbers on public communication
posted by eustatic at 6:28 AM on July 17
Westringa, I don't know that the idea has really reached wider adoption here. I do remember seeing some discussion of it on a couple news shows a few years ago, but I haven't really heard of it being used all that widely.
As far as a sense of it, no more than the standard moment where, when you step outside, you feel like you've made a terrible mistake. There are hot and soupy days, and there are days like standing in front of an open oven in a hot kitchen. Personally, I've got a general understanding of what Celsius feels like, and a memory of living in Fahrenheit, (holy shit, I spelled that right in one go), but no ability to translate between the two.
posted by Ghidorah at 8:15 AM on July 17 [2 favorites]
As far as a sense of it, no more than the standard moment where, when you step outside, you feel like you've made a terrible mistake. There are hot and soupy days, and there are days like standing in front of an open oven in a hot kitchen. Personally, I've got a general understanding of what Celsius feels like, and a memory of living in Fahrenheit, (holy shit, I spelled that right in one go), but no ability to translate between the two.
posted by Ghidorah at 8:15 AM on July 17 [2 favorites]
I always thought the dew point was the point in which dew happened. Shows what I know'nt.
That is what it means. 'Saturated' air basically means noticeable mist.
Also, IMO relative humidity is a bad measurement because due to it being relative to the temperature, has wild swings thoughout the day and night, and a dew point is way more consistent throughout a time period, unless an actual weather event changes it.
But yeah, in the past I've found as long as you stay hydrated and keep moving (like on a bike), triple-digit temps aren't that bad here.
This is absolutely true - as your body temp is right at 100F, so some shading that cools the ground around you, and keeps it at or below the ambient air temperature can feel very cold. The impacts of ground temperature, reflected heat (at 100F, the temperature on road or sidewalk that is unshaded can pass 140F) and stored heat have large impacts. So an air temperature of 100F, even with humidity adjustments isn't necessarily reflective of the air and ground temperature that an individual person will be experiencing.
posted by The_Vegetables at 8:15 AM on July 17
That is what it means. 'Saturated' air basically means noticeable mist.
Also, IMO relative humidity is a bad measurement because due to it being relative to the temperature, has wild swings thoughout the day and night, and a dew point is way more consistent throughout a time period, unless an actual weather event changes it.
But yeah, in the past I've found as long as you stay hydrated and keep moving (like on a bike), triple-digit temps aren't that bad here.
This is absolutely true - as your body temp is right at 100F, so some shading that cools the ground around you, and keeps it at or below the ambient air temperature can feel very cold. The impacts of ground temperature, reflected heat (at 100F, the temperature on road or sidewalk that is unshaded can pass 140F) and stored heat have large impacts. So an air temperature of 100F, even with humidity adjustments isn't necessarily reflective of the air and ground temperature that an individual person will be experiencing.
posted by The_Vegetables at 8:15 AM on July 17
Data point: I’m waiting for my son to get his hair cut (North Carolina) and I decided to walk around outside the shopping center. I walked for about 15 minutes in the sun with a temperature of 88 F and 67% humidity and it was horrible. It’s just before noon. At 8 am I went for a leisurely 2 mile run in the shade by a lake (55 yo and somewhat fit) and it was 81 F and 79% humidity and that sucked even worse. My running clothes in a pile felt the same as if you dumped a gallon of warm water all over them . Anyway, it’s too hot everywhere . And it’s cooler than last week by a good bit.
posted by caviar2d2 at 8:56 AM on July 17
posted by caviar2d2 at 8:56 AM on July 17
The Economist had a good explainer on wet bulb temperatures two years ago, specifically in the context of extreme weather in India and Pakistan. It notes
Scientists record heat stress as a combination of temperature and humidity, known as a “wet-bulb” measurement. As this combined level approaches body temperature, 37°C, it becomes hard for mammals to shed heat through perspiration. At a wet-bulb temperature of around 31°C, dangerously little sweat can evaporate into the soup-like air. Brain damage and heart and kidney failure become increasingly likely. Sustained exposure to a wet-bulb temperature of 35°C, the level Mr Robinson imagines in his book, is considered fatal. The Indo-Gangetic Plain is one of the few places where such wet-bulb temperatures have been recorded, including on several occasions in the scorched Pakistani town of Jacobabad. A report by the World Bank in November warned that India could become one of the first places where wet-bulb temperatures routinely exceed the 35°C survivability threshold.posted by Nelson at 9:37 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
I always thought the dew point was the point in which dew happened.
And that is what the dew point is:
When the air is cooled below the dew point, its moisture capacity is reduced and airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid water known as dew. When this occurs through the air's contact with a colder surface, dew will form on that surface.
posted by Pendragon at 10:08 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
And that is what the dew point is:
When the air is cooled below the dew point, its moisture capacity is reduced and airborne water vapor will condense to form liquid water known as dew. When this occurs through the air's contact with a colder surface, dew will form on that surface.
posted by Pendragon at 10:08 AM on July 17 [1 favorite]
Speaking as a representative of the wet/bulbous community, this is a long-overdue change that I have waited for my whole life.
posted by Strange Interlude at 10:34 AM on July 17 [5 favorites]
posted by Strange Interlude at 10:34 AM on July 17 [5 favorites]
I know, Jeff, I know.
posted by obliterati at 11:04 AM on July 17
posted by obliterati at 11:04 AM on July 17
I’m interested in this topic because my kid goes to an all outdoor school in the upper southeast. They are prepared for all kinds of weather but I’m not sure they are for the heat. I read a book on the history of nursing called “Taking Care” and one nurse was studying the long-term health impacts of heat on outdoor workers. Her work focused on reducing the damage to kidney and liver function. I feel like we are wrapping our head around the idea that “heat kills” immediately but not the long-term health impacts.
posted by CMcG at 1:17 PM on July 17 [2 favorites]
posted by CMcG at 1:17 PM on July 17 [2 favorites]
Bike rides in the summer, using Dewpoint
For our 30 to 50 mile daytime bike rides, dewpoint along with temperature is useful. I've never seen wet bulb temperatures on the forecasts -- it does look like a better measurement.
Since when we are bike riding, there's airflow and water readily available, riders can easily tolerate more humid conditions than when doing other activities.
Dewpoint is good, since it usually doesn't change much during the day. Humidity can be close to 100% in the early morning, but drop all day as the temperature increases, so it's hard to use as a measure for activities.
The quoted "categorization" is from an online dewpoint chart, probably more relevant for walking or working outside, with less cooling airflow.
~~~~~~
Dewpoint ratings for bike riding, relevant for temperatures above 80F or so. Dewpoint probably should be lower for other activities at a similar feel.
55F or lower: "Pleasant". fantastic dry weather, perfect. Quite rare here.
60F: "Comfortable". very nice for riding.
65F: "Getting sticky". okay to ride, and very common in the summer here.
70F: "Uncomfortable". hot and humid. Go very early, or keep it short, or wait for a different day.
75F: "Oppressive". we avoid riding in these conditions.
Above 75F: "Miserable" This is extremely rare in Ohio.
posted by jjj606 at 3:54 PM on July 17 [2 favorites]
For our 30 to 50 mile daytime bike rides, dewpoint along with temperature is useful. I've never seen wet bulb temperatures on the forecasts -- it does look like a better measurement.
Since when we are bike riding, there's airflow and water readily available, riders can easily tolerate more humid conditions than when doing other activities.
Dewpoint is good, since it usually doesn't change much during the day. Humidity can be close to 100% in the early morning, but drop all day as the temperature increases, so it's hard to use as a measure for activities.
The quoted "categorization" is from an online dewpoint chart, probably more relevant for walking or working outside, with less cooling airflow.
~~~~~~
Dewpoint ratings for bike riding, relevant for temperatures above 80F or so. Dewpoint probably should be lower for other activities at a similar feel.
55F or lower: "Pleasant". fantastic dry weather, perfect. Quite rare here.
60F: "Comfortable". very nice for riding.
65F: "Getting sticky". okay to ride, and very common in the summer here.
70F: "Uncomfortable". hot and humid. Go very early, or keep it short, or wait for a different day.
75F: "Oppressive". we avoid riding in these conditions.
Above 75F: "Miserable" This is extremely rare in Ohio.
posted by jjj606 at 3:54 PM on July 17 [2 favorites]
"But it's a dry heat"
posted by doctornemo at 4:42 PM on July 17 [1 favorite]
posted by doctornemo at 4:42 PM on July 17 [1 favorite]
Seriously, this is an important thing to do.
posted by doctornemo at 4:42 PM on July 17
posted by doctornemo at 4:42 PM on July 17
how does one describe the use of Florida water or Dr Tichenor's for evaporative cooling?
In terms of wet-bulb yada yada?
mix --> water, ice, cheap cologne (alcohol and oils)
dip rag in mix
put rag over head and neck.
summer time is upon us and we will all be hitting the gulf very hard. Over the years, I have tried many different things to cool the body down but I have found something that does the trick. Some of you may have already tried it, but let me tell you, this stuff works. Not sure how, but it does and it does make you smell better that the "Pogie Juice" you have been soaking your hands in all day
It's simple - take a Gallon of drinking water and pour 1/4 bottle of Florida Water into the jug (make sure to lable the jug - DO NOT DRINK). Take a clean (wet) rag and pour some of the water mixture onto the rag and then wipe the back of your neck and head down....
I would say the cologne's alcohol draws heat away from the body, is that at all correct? how does it work with the ice water? more cooler more better? heat capacity of the water augments alcohol? I think the oils are just there so the alcohol doesn't dry your skin out.
"Water evaporating from around the bulb has a cooling effect."
So, Water + Alcohol + oils has a greater cooling effect? even in extremely humid conditions?
Again, we would use this out on the water, no shade, 90%plus humidity, working where part or most of our skin was not exposed to air. It worked very well, and would be so cold, we would urinate, which honestly although gross was also a good way to cool off
posted by eustatic at 1:14 PM on July 18
In terms of wet-bulb yada yada?
mix --> water, ice, cheap cologne (alcohol and oils)
dip rag in mix
put rag over head and neck.
summer time is upon us and we will all be hitting the gulf very hard. Over the years, I have tried many different things to cool the body down but I have found something that does the trick. Some of you may have already tried it, but let me tell you, this stuff works. Not sure how, but it does and it does make you smell better that the "Pogie Juice" you have been soaking your hands in all day
It's simple - take a Gallon of drinking water and pour 1/4 bottle of Florida Water into the jug (make sure to lable the jug - DO NOT DRINK). Take a clean (wet) rag and pour some of the water mixture onto the rag and then wipe the back of your neck and head down....
I would say the cologne's alcohol draws heat away from the body, is that at all correct? how does it work with the ice water? more cooler more better? heat capacity of the water augments alcohol? I think the oils are just there so the alcohol doesn't dry your skin out.
"Water evaporating from around the bulb has a cooling effect."
So, Water + Alcohol + oils has a greater cooling effect? even in extremely humid conditions?
Again, we would use this out on the water, no shade, 90%plus humidity, working where part or most of our skin was not exposed to air. It worked very well, and would be so cold, we would urinate, which honestly although gross was also a good way to cool off
posted by eustatic at 1:14 PM on July 18
« Older Biden to push for Supreme Court ethics reform | It's swan-counting season in Britain Newer »
posted by CMcG at 7:27 PM on July 16